Topographic Map

Topographic maps use contour to show elevation. Topographic maps are different from other maps in that they show both the horizontal and vertical positions of the terrain. Through a combination of contour lines, colors, and symbols, this topographic map portrays the shape and locations of mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, roads, trails, and many other natural and man-made features.Narrow contours represent peaks.

This is an example of a topographic map that could be used to hike Oconee State Park and the Oconee Trail (represented with the red line).

http://www.emapstore.com/sc_blue_ridge_mountains/Hike/oconee_trail_sc.htm

Cadastral Map

Cadastral maps are made from land surveys.

This cadastral map was made from various land surveys (cadastral plans). It shows each property on the island as well as which are for sale and beachfront.

http://myphilippinesrealestate.com/bohollot.htm

PLSS Map

PLSS maps show public land records.
This is an example of a PLSS map showing baselines and meridian lines of public owned land in the southeast United States. This map type would be used to further subdivide the land into townships and parcels.
http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~alfrankl/landrecords.htm

Thematic Map

Thematic maps provide specific information about places.

This example is a thematic map showing median income in the United States.

http://www.visualizingeconomics.com/2007/09/18/united-states-income-map-2006-by-state/

Planimetric Map

A planimetric map is one without elevations.
This map is a planimetric representation of barracks and surrounding area in Vancouver. It shows horizontal information of the fort without showing it's elevation.
http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/fova/clr/clr2-5c.htm

Mental Map

This mental map is an abstract portrayal of winter in Quebec. The photograph is the author's perceived view of what life in her new city is like wandering through the snow. Photography is one way to map the world around us.
http://www.suecorr.com